1st. NATIONALISM...we go BACK to FRANCE. "What is the 3rd estate?" Abbe Sieyes? EVERYTHING, the NATION. Not the clergy, not the NOBILITY. Also....when the Rev wars get crazy and the Prussians are threatening Paris, the LEVEE En Masse of the French people, the NATION, pushed the conservative order of the 1st Coalition OUT. Go PEOPLE, go NATION. ----Then years later when Napoleon occupied so much of Europe NATIONALISTIC movements united people to get Napoleon out of their country! None other than the germanic states. When Nap beats em he ENDS the Ancient HRE&puts in place Confederation of the Rhine. States fighting for Nationhood against conservativism will be belgium, "italys", "germanys" "Poland--AGAINST THE RUSSIANS!!!!" "austria at some point." 

 

***"German Nationalist Movement--Founded on "Passion, emotion, the past, UNITY, brotherhood, Xenophobia, ROMANTICISM, GERMAN CULTURE"---Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, AKA Father Jahn. School teacher, really the inventor of gymnastics. He saw sports and gymnastics as a healthy pursuit of young german men who must be healthy in order to kick the French/Napoleon OUT of germany. Interesting dude. TOTAL hatred towards anything French due to NAP. So much of euro culture looked like france. French culture, thought, clothes were omnipresent throughout Europe. Who wore French clothes? The nobles. Who acted French? The Nobles. HATE The nobles.  Father Jahn and his followers will move to attack NOT JUST NAPOELON but the whole of French society. THAT INCLUDES The revolutionary ideas of 1789 (liberty, fraternity, equality) THESE are NOT German ideas, they're foreign. Let's unite behind our volkgeist(soul of our people) OUR german culture and our themes. His LIBERALISM rested in his belief in nationalism. 

 

"Poles, French, priests, aristocrats and Jews are Germany's misfortune." Father Jahn  As you can see, these are not really liberal ideals. 1800's to 1820 w Jahn influencing was known as the TURNVEREIN,  or "gymnast movement." Remember, he was a gym instructor and thought gymnastics good for german men. So, BEFORE the 1840's the Turnverein will be seen as restrictive, not open to foreign ideas, STRICTLY german. IN the 1840's the Turnverein will be back as a liberal group that focuses on traditional liberal ideology(religious tolerance, laissez faire, suffrage, nationalism, et) 

 

 As i mentioned, he was a school teacher and back in the day the only kids who went to school were boys. He had a huge following of them. They were in awe of his ideas of german nationalism and identity. He was an athlete and a scholar who will really be one of the organizers of the Wartburg Festival. Again, GERMAN ideas. German religion is NOT Catholicism(LET THE AUSTRIANS HAVE THAT!) it's Lutheranism. Martin Luther, the great reformer was GERMAN. The festival takes place at wartburg castle where Luther had translated the bible into German(GO GERMANY!)  300th anniversary of 95 Theses. An anniversary of a defeat OVER napoleon. Again, it's anti foreign. These young boys form Burschenschaften, student groups, fraternities throughout university in "germany." Together they go to warburg festival, burn catholic things, burn books(this will become more familiar as a tactic of later german intolerance seen in again in 20th century---synthesis) This sort of activity is so loud that Austrian conservative mettternich freaks out. He's like NO WAY. Not while i'm around. Remember, Metternich is Austrian> What's going to happen is that austria(catholic) is going to be at the head of the German confederation and will and continue to have rivalries w the northern states which are close to Prussia. Metternich is nervous. He bans to burshcenschaften in the carlsbad decrees. As a conservative, metternich was fearful of liberal ideas. Also as a conservative he was afraid of LIBERAL ideas relating to NATIONALISM, the people!

 

 

A few years later Father Jahn arrested. However..he has influenced a young kid. A theology student name Karl Sand. Sand is inspired to MURDER an author/playright who's books were INCREDIBLY popular, pro french, made fun of certain german traditions. and who's book had been burned. Sand, as a "romantic" thought that he was saving the honor of germany. Murders Kotzebue, the playwright. 

 

The german colors of red, black and gold have multiple meanings. For our class...we'll point out that they were the colors of the soldier's uniforms who fought napoleon in 1813ish. THEN, since these soldiers fought a nationalistic war of liberation fro napoleon, the Burschenscaften will adopt them as theirs. Red, black flag w golden oak leave type things. In the 1840's during the era of Spring of Nations (nationalist movements throughout europe-----2nd semester!) the traditional idea of german flag created.