When you see "scholastic philosophy" it'll refer to Scholastic Learning. It was how learning took place during the Middle Ages at the early universities PRE Renaissance so obviously Pre Scientific Rev. Descartes will be a key figure to move beyond Scholasticism. Also, i want you to recognize that the language of culture, diplomacy, science, and education will cease to be Latin and will become FRENCH. 

 

Natural law are things that are NATURAL to man. For the Philosophes, it'll be ideas of freedom. Man is rational and capable of free thought and governing his own actions. Certain philosophes will have different opinions on what levels of "freedom" one should have. Some of these freedoms relate to self government, ECONOMICS (free trade!!, goodbye guilds/unions, mercantilism is NO GOOD!), separation of Church and State, secularism. Deism is the "religion" of the the age of Science and the Enlightenment. "God" is a clock maker. Clocks are INCREDIBLY hard to create. Hence, the world, the universe was VERY hard to make BUT made by something. Deism, "deity" believes that this Clock Maker made the Universe and THAT's It. It does not claim any allegiance to any of the Abrahamic Faiths of the East and West nor those of Asia. 

 

 The scientific rev will begin to further challenge claims of the church. Faith is not enough for many scientists. They must be able to see and observe things in order to believe. To many religious, the new ideas of science were a threat to religion. Many scientific discoveries disproved biblical and CHruch claims. Protestants called for PRIVATE interpretation of the Bible. "you interpret it anyway you want." on the other hand, the catholic church, who for centuries said that they alone interpreted the bible for the masses (hence, the reason for it to only be written in latin which most folks' could not read) The church did not believe that layman(non clergy members) could interpret the bible. So after the council of Trent the Catholic church actually began to take  literal view of the bible. Galilleo will challenge the church by supporting Copernicus' view of heliocentrism, which was in contrast to the Church's support of geocentrism. They censured those ideas. Gallileo kept at it and was summoned before the Inquisition. Rememer, the Catholic church is an INCREDIBLY Conservative institution. They will be anti-"liberalism"  Many books and ideas (see Spain) will be banned. 

 

****Let's make peace! According to Blaise Pascal (aka Pascal) both religion and science could work together. he thought catholic jesuits too strict. He also rejected the ideas of atheists and Deists. He said "a loving God exists and that deists and atheists had overestimated Reason as a way to explain the world." His contribution is this: Pascal's Wager. Believe in God....what do you have to lose? You die and God exists you go to heaven. You die and he doesn't, well....If you believe you gain EVERYTHING! He argues that belief in God improved morals and social values. 

 

**Women and the scientifiC Rev

As has become common in our studies, we see that women had been excluded from most opportunities. Women were denied opportunity in the intellectual world. Margaret Cavendish had been tutored as a girl and then married well. This opportunity allowed her to surround herself w great minds. She will contribute much to the dialogue. She was able to debate the new ideas and became so respected that she was able to visit the Royal Society of London(a science center)