From 1848 til really the end of class no man's influence is arguably greater to our class discussion, economic development, revolution, etc than that of German born Karl Marx. Marx is NOT ethnically German; he is Jewish. I make this comment for you to understand that the man who will design the themes behind radical socialism and then ultimately communism is NOT German but Jewish. These will be important themes with where we're going. He thought the Utopian socialists like Saint Simone and Fourier and thought there critique on capitalism was good but JUST NOT clear enough. It was "scientific" enough for him. He will adopt the posture of "scientific socialism." Science and research (more than the technocracy of saint simone) will be driving force in Marx's writings. Marx studied the idea of Hegel (another german writer) who wrote of history as ever evolving. The Historical dialectic that Marx talks about in his Communist Manifesto(co written w friedrich engels) say the NATURAL evolution of society things is that new overthrow the old. He starts his diabetic by looking at and addressing the french rev> Just as the bourgeoisie realize their CLASS and work to develop capitalism, overthrow the old regime and feudalism, a NEW class will ultimately emerge to overthrow them; that of the proletariat. The industrial revolution created the proletariat. Unrestrained capitalism/laissez capitalism created it. It created the terrible working conditions, the poor pay, the miserable lives. Commericalism had the bourgeoisie to power(govt, parliaments, etc) which help further develop the industrial revolution which helped create a growing "proletariat" class. "By creating the proletariat, the bourgeoisie had sown the seeds of it's own demise." Socialism would replace capitalism when the proletariat took over. how would they take over? VIOLENT REVOLUTION. OVERTHROW govts, parliament. To guys like Marx and his followers, Parliaments and elected political bodies were tools of the bourgeoisie. Why? Cuz the bourgeoisie elected t hem!!! Remember, the franchise was only offered to a select few.NOT the wretched poor, the battered worker, the proletariat. There was no way to negotiate w them because they did not represent the people; they represented bourgeoisie. W the proletariat, the STATE 

"The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains"! Marx---in reference to revolution. The communist STATE would own the means of the production. The individual would not own the means of production (laissez faire, capitalism) the state would provide services and protection. ******** marx saw the June Days in France(1830 revolutions, ...you know..."To the barricades!!!") as a dress rehearsal for the proletarian struggle against the bourgeoisie. Remember, it failed and Louis Philippe is installed as King of the French. He's bourgeoise in all things. 

 

CONTRARY to this you have Proudon's ANARCHY! They say "the state?"  We HATE The state!!!!!! DESTROy IT!!! Marx believed "anarchism was utopian socialism, it was not scientific. BOTH will emerge as Revoutionary ideas which spring from the economic and social inequalities of industrial rev.