John Calvin and ultimately the followers of Calvinism will come to despise monarchy. "When kings disobey God (he's referring to all catholics) they give up their world authority." After St. Bartholomew Massacre, Huegenots (French Calvin) will go to war against the catholic monarchy. Huegenots will become HUGE proponents of de centralized, local govt. This is the antithesis of what the "new monarchs" and their centralized authority are all about. 

---The massacre happened shortly after the marriage of Margot (or marguerite or Margaret)  (Valois family) to the Huegenot King Henry of Navarre( a Bourbon) this marriage was set up to unit the Valois and Bourbon against growing power of the ultra catholic Guise. This clip from a movie shows the obvious tension between Valois daughter, Margot (or margaret or marguerite) and Henry of Navarre. Those dressed in black are Huegenot those with colorful outfits are Valois Catholics 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qulqM2gcHkU

Nobles tended to be Huegenot. They and other Calivnists will deny the right of kings to rule. LOCAL control. This dates back to the concept of the papacy having centralized authority. The whole concept of centralized authority was wrong to calvins. 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-CSFhMnf24&list=PL47CF2532C322220A&index=4

(this clip discussed the succession of edward and protestantizing of england. Edward NOT taking a "middle way." Remember....Mary is a Catholic. Her Mom was Spanish Catherine of Aragon, VERY Catholic. She wanted to be a proud Catholic and for England to return to it's catholic roots. Edward mocks her. Edward is 13 and Mary is 34

watch this from :48 to 12:00

remember. Henry wanted a "middle way." Edward went Hard protestant, Mary hard catholic. Lots of anger. Religious turmoil had been tearing France apart (catholics v huegenot) 

Baroque art-part of Catholic Counter-Reformation. It's purpose was to "awe" and overwhelm and impress people; especially those who might not be able to read. 

-missionary zeal of the Jesuits; especially is re-catholicizing south and east europe. THEN the americas. 

Remember! Peace of augsburg end religious wars i hre: catholic v Lutheran. It left out Calvins.

**********Luther and other protestant reformers (w exception of calvinists) believed in  "realm of the spirit" and "realm of the world" church gov different than earthly gov. BOTH are to be respect by people. From here, most protestant societies will remain secular 

-----Larger, centralized nations, ruled by monarchs (spain y france) would resist religious reforms. The church would stay subordinate to the state. That's how powerful these "new monarchs" became. 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MMdUig3WlKk&list=PL47CF2532C322220A&index=3

watch from 19:53-26:19  THEN 44:10-48:22  appx ten minutes. IT's good!

king henry viii kept MANY/most of the Catholic doctrines (see six articles of 1539 on page 370) 

Parliament is England's law making body, like the US congress

Charles V CRUSHES Schmalkaldic League 1547-Many Reformers flee to the now NON-Catholic England. One being Martin Bucer. Now in england, he (Henry is dead and his Son Edward VI is king now) he will greatly help with making England MORE Protestant, MORE like the Reformers in Europe. 

It'll be the young king edward vi who will move England MORE towards strict protestantism. Until he dies and his Catholic sister, Mary, becomes queen. She will work to undo ALL of both her Dad (henry) and her bro(Edward) reforms. 

An "order" is a religious organization dedicated to specific cause. 

-Canon law is Church law and biblical law comes directly from the Bible

COUNTER-reformation. Catholic church strikes back. Coiuncil of trent. New religious orders. Better trained priests, simony and pluralism no longer allowed. NO NEW DOCTRINAL CHANGES!!

*****HRE reformers (German and Swiss-luther,zwingli, calvin) RECOGNIZE THE AUTHORITY OF THE CURRENT POLITICAL POWER. They recognize authority of the government and respect it. *****

-Monasteries-where monks live, work, taught. Nunneries are where Nuns(women who dedicated their lives to the Catholic Church) lived

-Scholasticism is a medieval approach to religion. inspired by st. thomas aquinas. Protestants opposed it and were humanists. "Wisdom, eloquence, and action." 

Women: Protestants called for clerical marriage. Women were partners. Protestants Pro-women, not anti women like much Catholic doctrine stressed and subservient to male domination. Thy praised women as "mother and housewife."

Protestants STRESSED home and family. (page 378)

women gained rights. they could divorce. they could go to school 

marriage happened later

an alliance= a union of a least TWO different groups or people. Often for military, economic reasons. Perhaps as a protection against a larger group. The Luthern states in the HRE will create the Schmalkaldic League to protect themselves against Charles V and his Catholic domination (Remember...Hapsburgs are very Catholic)  

****Also, remember this common theme throughout AP Euro "The enemy of my enemy is my Friend!" Although both the Hapsburgs (austrian, their family typically is HR emperor) and Valois in france are VERY Catholic, they are not friends. Much of that will be due to the Charles the V and, while he is a Hapsburg, "he speaks Spanish to God..." This will lead to the Spanish and the FRENCH HATING EACH other.

***In the meantime, Charles V will need the help of the HRE princes throughout the empire to fight another threat, the Islamic Ottoman Turks. Charles will get assistance from Protestants (mart luther writes the hymn "A Mighty Fortress is a our God) The fighting will pre occupy charles the V and allow for Protestantism to take hold. 

"THE ENEMY OF MY ENEMY IS MY FRIEND!!!!!" 

HRE=De-Centralized. ROME (being the Authority of the Church) is  A LONG way away. The papacy holds LOTS of power over central Europe (the area that the HRE is primarily in) The princes of the autonomous HRE principalities are thinking "Man...wouldn't it be nice to not have to answer to the Pope and have to share power and tax revenue w him? If we can break away w/ Luther, we can have more power, more money, and CREATE A MORE GERMAN like church" 

----Remember: the Reformation will offer a less centralized, controlled church where locals control. Not a Pope in Rome. Most German princes choose Luther. The north will be way more protestant while the south will remain heavily catholic. They'l grow to hate one another; then fight one another. 

On Christian Liberty-(a primary source written by Luther) 

"A Christian man is the most free lord of all, subject to none" Many peasants will like this. Many peasants will demand more rights. they''' revolt and the Princes will be mad at Luther, w/whom they were protecting. Luther will be furious WITH PEASANTS!!!!! Is Luther a conservative or a revolutionary?????!(this was an old FRQ prompt)

Then....many German principalities will fight eachother. Pro-LUther V. Pro Catholic.  League of Schmalkalden (1531) Newly Protestant Northern HRE Princes AGAINST Charles V's Catholic Imperial Army-----(Fun fact, France will do this often!! (remember, the Valois HATE the Hapsburgs, charles v family) the French ally themselves w the Protestant League of Schmalden)

*****Catholics and Protestants will fight terrible battles until 1555. They HATE each other. The Peace of Augsburg will settle the fighting in the HRE. "Cuius regio, eius religion" =  Who's realm, his religion  Basically...if you're a protestant prince, everyone in your realm has to be protestant. Catholic...then Catholic. It will end HRE religious fighting AND END CHARLES v Hope of reuniting Christendom under Catholicism. 

Ulrich Zwingli-Catholic Priest-Switzerland. He and Luther do not like one another (Colluquy of Marburg)

Coming from France----Jean (John) Calvin to Basel, Switzerland. (Calvinism which will spread to Scotland and BACK to France)-Presbyterian and Huegenots}  "The Protestant Work Ethic-God shows happiness by rewarding those who work hard w/financial success.

----Calvin will essentially create a "theocracy" in Geneva, Switz. Geneva is NOW the home of the Reformation. Protestant exiles from Europe and England flock here. Then....they'll go home. Calvinism is VERY uncompromising. Very strict. The strictest of all Protestant Sects. They ban Singing, dancing, drinking, gambling, usury. Good bye. It's all a sin. 

****REmember, these exiles hiding in Geneva will all go home!!

Euro! This is a cool youtube clip intro'ing the Reformation. It's about 18 min, a bit more than i'd like. At this point, use only what we have covered and save the rest as point of reference for later. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a2irHpvLr7I

TERMS! indulgence-the sale of "forgivness" Issued by Pop Leo (A Medici) to build St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. 

-Egalitarian= the "equality" of all people. I want you guys to focus in on not only the worldliness of the Roman Catholic Church and it's TOTAL domination (centralized control:) ) of church doctrine but also how this will lead to "nationalism" in many European states, primarily states w/in the HRE. PEOPLE ARE GOING TO WANT LOCAL CONTROL!! Luther will be a PROUD German. 

A more "individualist" approach to Christianity will emerge. Wow...this sounds VERY humanistic!

A "Diet" is an elected council, or congress. So....the "Diet of Worms" is not a new eating fad. It's an elected council in the city of Worms! (Verms) 

HRE Emperor/Spanish King Charles V/I  ALL POWERFUL! SPAIN VERY CATHOLIC!! 

Tomorrow i have a few handouts for you. Look out for FRQ tips!!

Don't forget to your reading! Also, great work on your tests today! I would recognize these terms: canton, indulgences, purgatory, simony

Also: A "Confederation" is a loose alliance of states that are kind of united. More as a culture and a people (like HRE) than as a governmental structure

LETURE TOMORROW!

I'm uploading to files a pdf of a Erasmus' In Praise of Folly (excerpt! example of primary resource along w/ something from The Prince. Review it. The more you expose yourself to difficult material, the easier the text will become AND the easier old docs will be to comprehend. I'll upload Oct's calendar shortly (this afternoon) Friday study session went GREAT! Keep working hard. Unit test Tues. 5 C's due Monday, Terms packet Tuesday

Sorry period 1! I forgot to hand this out to you. It will be helpful to break down a few important things in preparation for Tues. (i'm attaching to the ap euro site-when you open it go to the SECOND PAGE, for some reason it did not save right)

Hans Holbein was an artist? Do you know where he painted and which of the posters in my room were painted by him? Charles V of the HRE is also known as-----------  Portugal controlled the Indian ocean whereas spain controlled basically all of the w hemisphere. 

Recognize these terms, too. 

Standing army, Treaty, betrothed, Dynasty

Remember Everyone! Governments (in our case, right now monarchy's) work to CENTRALIZE their authority/power by weakening any of their rivals. Those rivals tend to be wealthy LANDOWNERS. These wealthy landowners would be happy to return to the days of feudalism when they were essentially "master of their domain." With a stronger, centralized govt. (king) this was taken away. Their power would weaken at the expense of the king. The king would maintain power by creating a STANDING ARMY. This is a FULL TIME army, rather volunteers, conscripts, non soldier types. The standing army is  a professional army. They wake up in the morning and are soldiers. They don't go to another job and then serve when needed. They are ALWAYS in the army. The monarch seeks assistant from middle class to squeeze the wealthy land owners to hold on to power. CENTRALIZED POWER!!!!!!! (think king, strong national govt) DECENTRALIZED POWER!! (Think feudalism AND THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE!!)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWNZh913458

I hope you enjoy the youtube clip. I think it's great. A caveat (latin, warning/beware!) this will by no means substitute your ready. It will SUPPLEMENT. 

remember! A monarch is a king. We will begin looking at 'new monarchs" we'll focus heavily on spain, france, england

Know-Erasmus is a loyal Catholic priest but he has many criticism toward's rome, where the head of the Church is located. Christians should look to the Bible. The Church MUST reform. will they????  

remember! N. renaissance is VERY religious. Humanism was rooted in a return to the scriptures. Humanists valued human beings. The Church punished those that it did not like. 

UNIT TEST 9/23!!!!!!!!!

Great work on your quizzes today!

The calendar says that we are to begin a graphic organizer today. We are changing that. I handed out a primary resource on the Prince by machiavelli. You need to answer the specific questions on how to "break down" a primary resource. this will paramount to understanding how to do a DBQ. Good luck and study for quiz tomorrow!

Here are some themes:

Remember! Machiavelli wrote the Prince. Nice guys finish last! Politics is winner take all and a good leader can be ruthless. As long as the state works, all is fair. 

-We'll see these things this week. 

Caravel=a large sailing vessel (designed in 1450, when our class started!) that will enable nations to sail further away from shore. Before, ships or barges were pretty much restricted to staying near the coast. This ship will enable ships to explore further away and out of the Mediterranean. First, the coast of Africa and THEN across the Atlantic. (Know this: big ship, can sail long distances, useful for discovery.)------Italy will REALLY decline. Now Spain and the Portuguese will become powerful. then England and the Dutch

The Northern Renaissance(anywhere North of the Alps Mtn Range): Begin appx. 1497. Started during Italian Wars (invasion of French into Italy) The French took Italian themes, including later Leonardo Davinci with them. These ideas of the Italian Ren would spread throughout Europe. The Art was religious but also focused on landscapes and avg people. NO FRESCOS!!!! New types of oil painting. Italy had been center of new learning, Europe is going to want it. Knowledge and ideas that made Italy great will spread REMEMBER!! Printing Press 1450. Made books cheap and possible to be mass produced. Knowledge spreads, people become educated. This, coupled with the decadence of the Renaissance Popes (Alexander VI, Julius "Warrior Pope" II, and the Pope Leo, who is a Medici) and decadence and decadence and corruption, will lead to many in the North to question and challenge the Catholic Church

Erasmus and the Praise of Folly. Erasmus was a catholic priest in N. Europe who wrote this book making fun of the Popes (Example of satire) Also, "Erasmus laid the egg that Luther hatched (Martin Luther, founds (creates) the Lutheran Church) 

Remember! Hw due tomorrow! Quiz Tuesday! Back to School night for your Parents Wed! Reading quiz possible AFTER Wed! Remember! Pace yourself. Work SMARTER! Not HARDER! See me for ANY help or questions. Also! Remember, sign up for Extra Credit at break tomorrow!!!!!!

Understand that the Renaissance Popes were FAR different that their predecessors. They were were humanists, they indulged in many earthly pleasures. When we get to the Northern Renaissance, which is WAY more religious than humanist, these Renaissance Popes and their ways of live will be at the forefront of MANY complaints! Remember! We are BUILDING to many things. Everything connects!

QUatrocento V Cinqucento (Art and renaissance in Florence THEN on To Rome) 

I want to reiterate the theme of "free will." This was an idea first introduced by Pico-We'll see it more! According to Pico-Man is in the middle. Below him are the animals/beasts. Above him are the angels. He ccan choose where he wants to be; he has free will.